Ready to fly your drone? Ensure a safe and legal flight by running through a drone preflight checklist: crew roles, check weather and airspace, and assess your drone’s readiness. You’ll know exactly what to look for in your equipment and documents, and understand the importance of each point on the list. This comprehensive approach minimizes risks and keeps you flying within regulations.
Key Takeaways
- Drone operations require a knowledgeable and certified remote pilot and, a visual observer (optional but beneficial) to maintain situational awareness and ensure safety, operating within Part 107 rules and specific guidelines outlined by aviation authorities such as the FAA and UK civil aviation authority.
- Weather conditions have a considerable impact on drone flight performance and safety; pilots must check for suitable conditions, such as wind strength, precipitation, and the KP index, and assess drone weatherproofing capabilities to ensure a safe operation.
- Navigating airspace and local regulations is a critical aspect of drone operation, with pilots needing FAA-issued airspace authorizations for controlled airspace under 400 feet and adhering to local regulations concerning takeoff and landing locations, operational procedures, and restricted zones.
Essential Crew and Responsibilities
Every drone operation assigns a remote pilot, with far-reaching responsibilities. This individual must:
- Be intimately familiar with the drone’s user manual and the operator’s procedures
- Understand the drone intricately
- Have the right credentials, including completing training and examinations relevant to the operation they will be conducting
Moreover, all members of the flight crew, including the Pilot-in-Command, need to be well-versed with the Part 107 rules, fulfilling compliance and ensuring safety during drone operations as per the UK civil aviation authority guidelines. Obtaining a commercial drone license is essential for these operations.
The pilot is not the only pivotal player in drone operations. Enter the visual observer (VO), an optional, yet valuable, member of the crew who assists the remote pilot in maintaining situational awareness. From monitoring the drone’s surroundings for hazards to communicating potential risks to the remote pilot, especially during first-person view (FPV) flights, the visual observer’s responsibilities are crucial for a safe flight. They ensure a clear line of sight with the drone, monitor for collision hazards, and maintain constant communication with the remote pilot. However, their presence doesn’t absolve the remote pilot of their responsibility to maintain situational awareness and visual line of sight at all times.
With great responsibility comes the need for great knowledge, and visual observers are no exception. They must understand operational rules and restrictions, such as Part 107 regulations, to effectively support the remote pilot. Large-scale or complex operations may even require more than one visual observer. Regardless of the crew’s size, swift and effective communication is key. Both the remote pilot and visual observers must establish a common language and understanding of procedures to ensure a seamless operation.
Understanding Weather Impact on Drone Flight
Drone flying presents challenges. The forces of nature are formidable, and weather conditions have a significant impact on drone flight. Take the wind, for example. Strong winds can challenge both takeoff and landing (due to ground turbulence). They may herald worsening weather or cause control loss when drone propellers slow down. Moreover, drones exert more energy and drain batteries quicker when flying against strong winds, reducing flight times. This necessity for backup batteries becomes even more crucial when dealing with microbursts, which present specific risks with their intense and unpredictable gusts.
Beyond the winds, precipitation can pose equal challenges, altering aerodynamics, damaging electronic components, reducing visibility, and compromising sensors, especially if the drone lacks adequate precipitation resistance design. Manufacturers usually advise against flying in severe weather, but drones with higher ingress protection ratings cope better with such conditions, thanks to enhanced weatherproofing in newer models.
Before the drone takes flight, it is fundamental to confirm suitable weather conditions. Avoiding high winds and precipitation, and checking the KP index ensures magnetic environmental conditions favorable for safe and effective flight. A successful operation entails smart drone operation taking into account the weather.
Navigating Airspace and Local Regulations
Navigating the sky is not a free-for-all. Drone pilots flying under Part 107 need FAA-issued airspace authorization for operations in controlled airspace under 400 feet. The Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC) (more here:https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/laanc) is an excellent tool in such scenarios, providing near-real-time airspace authorizations at pre-approved altitudes, accessible through FAA-approved UAS Service Suppliers. However, considerations extend beyond merely altitude.
Drone pilots also need to be mindful of the following restrictions:
- No Drone Zone restrictions that are specific to certain locations. The B4UFLY mobile app is a handy tool to identify such areas.
- Restricted Airspace designated by the FAA and Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) limit air travel within a defined airspace for certain periods and events.
- Drone operators in the ‘open’ category must comply with operational procedures, geographical zone limitations, and avoid operating where emergency response services are active.
While only the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) can restrict airspace, local, state, tribal, and territorial governments can regulate drone takeoff and landing locations. For areas not covered by LAANC, pilots can apply for airspace authorization through the FAA Drone Zone. To enforce local flight restrictions, the FAA also provides a customizable ‘No Drone Zone’ sign for government entities. As the saying goes, ‘knowledge is power,’ and understanding local regulations is key to a legal drone operation.
Pre-Flight Documentation Essentials
Before taking flight, drone pilots need to keep in mind that the skies are not lawless territory. To fly under the FAA’s Small UAS Rule (Part 107), obtaining a Remote Pilot Certificate is necessary, which involves passing a knowledge exam and satisfying eligibility requirements like age and language proficiency. After passing an initial aeronautical knowledge exam and completing the required TSA security background check, a temporary remote pilot certificate is issued, followed by a permanent certificate upon completion of FAA-internal processing.
However, considerations extend beyond mere certificates. Drones must have an FAA registration number displayed on the aircraft exterior, which is part of legal compliance for flight operations. Sometimes, drone operations may involve actions beyond standard drone regulations, such as night flying or flying over people. For these scenarios, the FAA can issue operational waivers, obtainable through a detailed application process on the FAA DroneZone website.
Copies of the Remote Pilot Certificate and any operational waivers must be readily accessible during drone operations to ensure compliance and provide proof of authorization. Keeping track of these documents is as crucial as the drone preflight checklists and is essential for a smooth and hassle-free flight operation.
Drone Systems Check
A key step in your pre-flight routine is to perform a meticulous drone systems check before each flight. Start by inspecting the drone for any signs of damage, such as scrapes, dents, and loose parts, before field operations to ensure safe flight conditions. Next, it’s important to check the propellers for any damage, including dents, scratches, or deformations. Run your fingers over the propeller’s top and bottom to detect any irregularities that could affect flight performance.
The motors are equally important. Verify that motor arms are securely in place and that the motors spin smoothly without resistance or grinding sounds. Also, remember to remove the gimbal brace and lens clamp before powering the drone to prevent any potential damage. Use a microfiber cloth to clean the drone’s camera lens and vision sensors, ensuring clear imagery and sensor functionality.
Finally, before flying your drone, make sure to:
- Fully charge the remote controller and at least one drone battery
- Have spare batteries on hand for extended operations
- Conduct a thorough drone inspection
These steps can make the difference between a successful operation and a costly mishap.
Firmware, Memory, and App Readiness
The technological aspects of drone operation, including drone technology, hold as much importance as the physical checks. Begin by updating the drone’s firmware to the latest version available for optimal performance. Manufacturers release regular updates that address bugs, enhance performance, and introduce new capabilities. You can check the manufacturer’s website for firmware updates, review the update notes, and use the drone’s companion app or a dedicated updater tool to install the new firmware correctly and safely.
Next, it’s time to check your storage. Format the SD card and verify that there is enough storage space available to ensure all captured images and data during the flight can be stored without issue. Additionally, ensure mobile device apps are up to date for improved stability and connectivity. Confirm that the device has a sufficient battery charge and is running the latest compatible operating system to maintain a stable connection during drone operations.
Remember, a successful drone operation is as much about preparation as it is about execution.
Final Pre-Takeoff Procedures
As the moment of takeoff approaches, a few final checks must be completed. Here are the steps to follow:
- Calibrate the drone’s compass in a clear area away from metal and magnetically dense structures. This is crucial for ensuring a safe and controlled flight by measuring and accounting for the local magnetic field.
- Adjust the controller antennas correctly and verify the connection between the controller and drone.
- Power on the controller and flight app, and put the tablet/phone in airplane mode.
With these checks completed, you’re almost ready to follow your flight path and fly. Don’t forget to go through your pre flight checklist to ensure a smooth journey.
Before letting your drone take flight, there are a few more criteria to meet:
- Inspect the drone for damage
- Remove the gimbal cover if in place
- Ensure a GPS lock for accurate positioning
- Inform bystanders of the impending flight to maintain a clear and safe takeoff area
With all these steps completed, you’re ready to command the skies.
Post-Flight Debrief and Checklist
Though the flight might be over, responsibilities persist. Post-flight checklists are designed to indicate issues that need to be addressed before the next flight, ensuring the drone remains in optimal condition. Assessing the drone’s physical condition after landing is essential to detect any new damage that may have occurred during the flight. Maintenance checklists guide pilots and maintenance teams through thorough structural inspections between flights.
Examining the drone’s batteries after use is crucial to confirm they are in a state of good repair for subsequent missions. Following flight operations, it is recommended to power off the drone and controller, and ensure all equipment is securely stored away. Remember, a successful operation isn’t just about the flight; it’s also about the post-flight procedures.
Smart Drone Operation Tips
Within the drone industry, efficiency is paramount. Some benefits of using digital checklists for drone operation include:
- Providing a system of accountability
- Convenient for managers to track usage in the field
- Accessible on the same device as the ground control system, reducing the need for additional tools
- Ensuring up-to-date procedures are always available
Having extra propellers on hand is crucial in case of in-flight damage, supporting uninterrupted drone operations. Maintaining essential accessories in good condition, such as ensuring the availability of a compatible USB cable, is vital for smart and efficient drone operation.
Summary
We’ve walked through the essentials of pre-flight preparations, understanding crew responsibilities to navigating airspace regulations, conducting drone system checks, and post-flight procedures. We’ve also delved into the importance of keeping documentation in check, keeping your drone’s firmware and apps updated, and several smart operation tips. Remember, every successful drone operation begins on the ground, with thorough preparation, diligent checks, and a keen understanding of regulations. As drone pilots, we hold the key to safe and efficient flights. Let’s continue to fly smart and fly safe.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you preflight a drone?
To preflight a drone, start by checking the flying conditions and itinerary, securing necessary documentation, and knowing and complying with specific drone operation laws in your area. Then, ensure the drone is fit for flight, keep its firmware updated, and perform a visual inspection of its equipment to ensure everything is safe and in working order. This process can mean the difference between a successful operation and a fatal mission failure.
What 5 things should be checked on a drone before flight?
Before flying a drone, pilots should check the battery, propellers, remote control, GPS signal, and weather conditions to ensure safe and successful flight.
What do I need before flying a drone?
Before flying a drone, you need to learn how to fly it safely, check airspace permissions and rules, consider battery and storage needs, and conduct a risk assessment. Additionally, you may need a remote pilot certificate from the FAA. Feb 2023.
What is the role of a visual observer during a drone operation?
During a drone operation, a visual observer plays a crucial role in maintaining situational awareness by monitoring the drone’s surroundings for hazards and communicating potential risks to the remote pilot, especially during first-person view (FPV) flights.
How does weather impact drone flight?
Weather impacts drone flight by challenging takeoff and landing with strong winds and draining batteries quicker when flying against them. Precipitation can alter aerodynamics, damage electronic components, reduce visibility, and compromise sensors if the drone lacks adequate precipitation resistance design.
